MATTER AND ITS PROPERTIES
Matter structure and properties
Matter: All surrounding us
that have mass and takes up space. Light and sound are not matter. All matter
is made up of millions of atoms.
Matter
states
1.1 Bose-Einstein
It was
created by scientists in a lab and it can´t be found in nature. Its particles
are packed closer together than a solid´s particle and they vibrate less.
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1.2 Solids
Have a
definite shape and takes up certain amount of space. Particles are packed
close together vibrating in place. That is why solids are rigid.
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1.3 Liquids
Have
their own volume but it takes the shape of its container. They can be poured
from one container to another. The particles are farther apart. They are able
to move a little, so liquids change shape and flow.
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1.4 Gases
Have
not a definite shape or volume. It takes up all the space of its container.
The particles are far apart. They move rapidly, always getting farther apart
until something stops them.
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1.5 Plasma
It is
produced when electrons get out of the orbits when the temperature is so hot.
Particles of plasma are far apart and moving faster than gas´ particles. They
produce light.
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2. Properties
of matter
There
are two main properties that all objects have…
2.1 MASS: Is the amount of
matter is there in an object. Mass doesn´t change if the shape of the object
changes. Is measured in grams.
2.2 VOLUME: Is the amount of
space an object takes up. Is measured in milliliters or cm3.
3. Physical
properties
Physical
properties can be observed or measured without changing the composition of
matter. Physical properties are used to observe and describe matter…
Some
examples are: Odor, appearance, texture, color, shape, size, solubility,
melting point, boiling point, etc.
3.1 DENSITY: Is physical property
of matter and it measures how closely object´s atoms are. Is the relationship between mass and volume.
Density= mass/volume
(grams/milliliters)
Mass= density × volume
Volume= mass/density
3.2 MELTING AND BOILING POINT: Are physical
properties of matter that describes the temperature at which solid, gas or
liquid will change state. Melting point is always lower than boiling point. The
pressure affects these physical properties.
Example: Water: 100oC
boiling. 0oC melting.
3.3 TEMPERATURE SCALES
- Fahrenheit:
oF- 32 x 5/9= oC
- Celsius:
oC x 9/5 + 32= oF
- Kelvin
scale:
Temperature scale beginning at absolute zero (-273.15°C or -459.67°F).
there is no more before absolute zero.
4. Physical
changes
A
change in state is a physical change, a change in which the substance itself is
still the same substance. Its form changes, but its chemical makeup or
composition doesn’t. Matter is not lost in these changes…
4.1 Freeze: when a liquid turns
into a solid by the cold temperature.
4.2 Melt: when a solid turns
into a liquid by the hot temperature.
4.3 Boil and evaporate: when a liquid turns
into a gas by the hot temperature.
4.4 Condense: when a gas turns into
a liquid by meeting with something
5. Chemical
properties
Chemical
properties describe an object´s ability to change into another substance or
change its chemical composition…
5.1 COMBUSTIBILITY: Measures how easily a
substance will burn or combine rapidly with oxygen.
5.2 REACTIVITY: Is the ability of a
substance to go through a chemical change or reaction.
6. Chemical
changes
When
one substance changes and results into other substance or substances is called
chemical change. When the chemical composition of an object changes, when the
color change indicates there is a change. Chemical changes doesn´t create new
matter, just new substances…
6.1 Burning: when an object is
subjected to fire, it changes its chemical composition, for example, wood when
burns it changes to ash.
6.2 Corrosion:
when
iron combines with oxygen in the air, rust forms. The rust is a brand new
substance. It’s a combination of iron and oxygen with properties different from
either of them.
More
examples of chemical changes are: Mixing chemicals, cooking some types of food,
mixing some ingredients, digesting food, explosions, in the photosynthesis,
etc.
Follow the next link for an activity: http://my.hrw.com/sh2/sh07_10/student/flash/virtual_investigations/hst/mat/hst_mat_vi.html
Follow the next link for the solution of the activity:
file:///F:/MATERIAS/SEPTIMO/BIOLOGIA/VIRTUAL%20LAB%20REPORT%20II.htm
